Hydrocarbon burner



Patented Nov. 27, i928.

UNITED STATES PATENT- oEFIcE.

-mznnociiiiison BURNER.

Application inea 'october 30,'1926. serial No 145,335.

luy-invention relates to certain new an.d

useful improvements in hydro-carbon burners, or oil burning devices, onethat is delsigned and adapted to be placed in the fire l pot of a stoveor furnace, its simple construction permits of any and all parts beingaccessible for any purpose whatsoever.

My invention consists in certain novel features of construct-ion andarrangement of l parts that permits of the same being operated manuallyor may be operated automatically, the same requiring no more attentionthan to see that the proper amount of fuel be kept on hand forconsumption.

My invention comprises a vaporizing type of oil burner, means forsupplying air under pressure having a continually burning oil pilotwhich maintains the vaporizing plate sufficiently hot` to startimmediately the oil as it comes from the main source and drips upon' thevaporizing plate and becomesvapor then bursts into a flame. The aircirculation throughout the burner is so arranged and proportioned that aperfect combustion of the hydrocarbon is assured.

former as a pilot with a natural draft, and a.v

high flame as a power burner supplying the proper proportion of air fora definite amount of oil regardless of the draft conditions.

Another object of the invention is to proportion the air distribution asto insure a complete combustion. The air being forced by a blower alwaysinsures of a uniform draft, and the various leads of the air throughthenumerous passages as shown by arrows in Figs. 2, 3 and 4 gives notonly the proper amount of air from the blower tot-lie urners but causesa turbulent motion to the particles which assists materially the-combustion.

A still further object of my invention is to providean oil vaporizer insuch a way as' to control the upper limits of temperature of thevaporizing cap so as to prevent any possibility of carbon forming in theoil supplyl pipe, or in the vapoizing cap, while a still further objectof my invention is to pronovel details of construction that will addmaterially to the utility of the furnace housing my device, while thearrangement,l as

illustrated, permits of it being used iii any kind of a stove, furnaceor heater'. These and other objects and features of the invention willbe hereinafter described and pointed out, particularly in the appendedclaims.

My invention, as at present preferred, will he more understood byreference to the drawing which illustrates merely an example of meansfor putting my invention into practice, and wherein Fig. 1 is a view ona small scale ofthe general arrangement and location of my device as 1tappears in a furnace, with the air-supply pipe, and other pipes inposition for their respective purposes; I

Fig. 2 is. an enlarged sectional view of the burner, showin@ moreclearly its relation to the furnace an its arrangement therein;

Fig. 3 is a detail similar in some respects to F ig. 2, but taken 90degrees around so as to clearly show the lower` air ducts;

Fig. 4 is a detached detail of the 4burner and/its associated parts;

Fig. 5 -is a plan view taken on lines 6 6 Fig. 2. y

Referring to the several iguires of the drawing, similar referencecharacters indicate like parts throughout the several figures. Thefurnace comprising its usual elements, namely the enclosure providedwith a grate, lire box and other parts are all 'of the usual land commonconstruction and need not be explained in detail here.

Suitably placed in the center of the grate 7 in the-lire boxof theheater, I prefer to place my base 8, it being preferable to remove someof the grate bars from immediately beneath my device, as shown. Whensaid base 8 has been placed in position it is preferably tov seal thespace between the said base plate and the inner walls of the fire box soas to prevent any air passing from below the grate other than througheither of the respective passages provided for the purposef "lhe baseplate 8 is provided -with main air passages 9 and 10 nearv its outerperiphery (see Fig. 5), while between such passages or openings and theouter edge is a reservoir llll 11; its purpose and object will beexplained further-on. The base plate has a central hollow pedestal 12extending upwardly therefrom (see Fig. 4), to the upper part of which isapplied an extension 13 that is provided with a top flat distributiniplate 14, having a shoulder 15 and a depending lip 16, while just beloware openings 17. To 'the top of the extension is placed the cap 18 whichhas preferably a small chamber 19, into which the oil is fed, saidchamber being formed by reason of the recess in t-he under side ofthecap and the fiat distributing plate 14. The cap 18 is supported by threeor more legs or lugs 20 which holds the same at such a height as to havea series of contracted openings' 42 to allow only enough oil to seep outbetween the edges of the cap and the top edges of the distributing plate14 where it drips from the lip 16, when the oil is cool or when 4the oilhas been turned for heating purposes. Of course, it is understood whenthe distributing plate 14 and the.cap 18 have become preheated, the oilwill immerge through thecon.- tracted opening 42 in a vapor and becomemixed with the swirling air as shown'by the arrows Figs. 2 and 3.

At the base of t-he pedestal 12 is a groove 21, into which is itted'acircular pilot pipe 22 having an extension 23 to which the sup-l plypipe 24 may be attached. Said supply pipe is provided with a valve 25and a branc pipe 26, with devices that regulate the supply of oil from.the source of supply to theA pilot and power burners. Just above theApilot burner 22 is a vaporizing plate 27 which the pilot flame will atall times keep heated to `such an extent as to ignite any oil that mayto the openings 9 and 10 may be providedv with extensions 29 and 30,their upper partsv drip from above.

To thel outer periphery of the base plate 8 is secured an upwardlyextending bowl 28, which assists in causing the air within the furnaceto assume a turbulent mass by reason of the particles of combustioncoming into conta-ct with other forces of air together within theinclined wall 28, and thereby cause 'the particles of the oil to beconsumed. While terminating in an inverted bowl 31, the top of said bowlis provided with a cover 32, the lower part 33 of the bowl is open so asto allow the full force of the air from the blower to cause the flamebeneath the cap to be swirled around by reason of the various tangentialcurrents coming in contact with each other as indicated by the arrows.

Air ducts or openings 34 (only one set of which is shown) extendcircularly between the openings 9 and 10, as shown in Fim 5, and suchduets are preferably covered y a y suitable curved conveyor plate 35which will throw the air from the blower in t-he direction of thepedestal and under t-he plate 27, thereby assisting in vcausing acomplete swirl to the ignited particles of combustion., For

van ideal combustion a different proportion of air (or its oxygen) andoil vapors is required to be intermixed so that the particles will beuniform for complete combustion of the turbulent mixture. For instance,the air as it passes through openings 34 will cause the mixture to begiven aturbulent motion as before noted, to such an extent that it willbring abouta well mixed condition for a complete combustion, at the sametime air is forced from the openings 17, which further .facilitate themixture of the vapors by caus- Y passages 9 and 10 that lead thepre-heated air .-into a circular inverted bowl 3l, which air is thenforced over the vaporizing cap 18. mi The .passage 39 permitscomparatively cold air from beneath the grate to enter into a circularchamber 40 and leave through openings 17, which are so arranged andproportioned as to limit the temperature of the vaporizing 4cap lto avalue where the cracking of the oil inside of the oil feed pipe 26 isprevented.

The heat of the pilot liame will be absorbed by the lower portion of the.base plate 8 as well as by the vaporizing plate 27. The lower portionof the base plate 8, by reason of its large radiating surface, will bekept at a comparatively low temperature. The vaporizing` plate 27 havinga small area and being supported by suitable studs will maintain asuliicient high temperature to vaporize the oil that may drip on itssurface from the distributing plate 14. The plate 27 being so supported,close to the delector plate 35 permits the free liow of the air lnderand about the same so as toinsure the co-mingling of the particles ofcombustion and keep the mass therein in a continuous swirling motion.

Oil is admitted through the magnetically operated valve 4 1 into pipe 26vwhen power 115 is used, but if natural draft is to be used then anordinary hand operated valve is used, the oil is led to the flat surface14 of the extension` 13; the oil will spread over the same and thenoverflow its edgesv and finally drip upon the surface of the vaporizingplate 27 and then become thoroughly mixed with the air supplied throughthe various passages when combustion will take place. The radiant heatgradually raises the temperature of the cap to such an extentthat theoil will be vaporized befo-re it leaves the space 42 and the combustiontakes place as before noted. The conveyer plate 35 is for guiding theair from passage 34 to the oil pilot plate 27. The control 130 box 43and its internal workings are too welly shown the Basel ManufacturingCompanys heat regulator supply tank, but any othertank of an othermanufacture may be used to supv ply oil t the burners. The oil entersthe tank from the source of supply by pipe 44, and flowsffrom the samethrough pipe 24 to the pilot and pipe 26 to the main burner, the flowbeing regulated by the valve 25. As a safety and economical means, theoil that is not consumed by the flame will flow from the duct 11, backto the source of supply. y

The cap 18 is so proportioned that it has a larger diameter at its lowerpart, than.the l lower member 13. The purpose of which is forthecreating a suction action of the vapor about the openings 20. This isclearly understood that we imagine pre-heated air from chamber 31 havinga considerable velocity passing over the crown 18 then passing on itspath around the flat plate 14 will form a slight vacuum in the space 19,causing the vapor to be drawn out and in so doing causing a premixingwith the air. The air as it passes through the opening 34 will cause themixture to be agitated around to such an extent that it will bring abouta well-mixed condition for a complete combustion; at the same time airbeing forced from the openings 17 will further facilitate the mixture ofthe vapors, as explained above, and as shown bythe arrows in Fig. 4.

Assuming the condition of natural draft to the burners and the manualcontrol of the burners will only be brought about when the supply ofelectrical current has failed, as it does frequently in small towns andcities, the operation of the burners under such condition is as follows:

In addition to the air pipe 37 the usual opening is provided in thefurnacedoor (below the grate) to allow suflicient air to pass into thespace 38, as may be necessary for proper combustion of the fuel, andsaid opening normally is closed when the burner is operated as a powerburner.

The burner, as described, will operate eitherl as a power burner when adefinite amount of air is supplied by the means of an electric drivenfan, or when said power has failed it may be operated as a natural draftburner. It is, of course, understood,`whenv operated as a natural draftburner, it cannot operate to full efficiency on account of various draftconditions caused, by outside temperature and wind, thereby causing agreat variation in the mixture of air and fuel. For a proper combustionof fuel a definite amount t trolled by a power-driven fan.

As before notedwith proper well known automatic devices, the burner maybe used as a power burner, which will inno way require hand manipulationonce the parts are set, such devices and systems are not illustrated asit forms no part of the present invention.

In accordance with the provisions of the patent statutes I have hereindescribed and shown the principal form of my 'invention whichv I nowconsider, after experimenting with the same, as representing the bestembodiment thereof, but I desire to have it understood that the deviceis only illustrative and that the invention can be carried out in otherways than those shown and described,

but all of which are intended lo come within the scope of the claims.

What I claim as new is:

1. In an oil burner of the character described, the combination with abase plate having a central opening, a hollow pedestal on the base plateand above and communica-ting with the opening therein, an oildistributing plate thereon having a downwardly extending lip steppedtherefrom, means for conveying oil to said plate, a crown surmountingsaid distributing plate having a chamber therein, means for maintainingspaced relation between the crown and the distributing plate,.air portsbelow said plate for deported in spaced relation to the said plate avinga chamber therein with means for feeding the oil to the drippingv lip,of a vaporizing plate below said dripping lip, of a pilot flame forkeeping said plate hot, defiectors arranged over certain of the airports for directing the air towards the pedestal, other of the portshaving means for conveying air to the top of the conical member, of oilfeeding means to the pilot burner and the distributing plate, and meansfor furnishing air to the several openings under pressure.

3. In ,an oil burner of the character described, the combination with abase plate adapted to cover part of the fire grate, said plate havingoutwardly extending flanges, a trough formed in its outer edge, a baffleplate secured to the outer edge of said base plate, a pedestal securedtoits central part, air ports between the pedestal and the balile platehaving vdeflecting plates thereon, of means secured to the pe estal fordistributing oil over its outer edges, and means for furnishing air tothe upper and lower side of said oil distributing plate. v

4. In an oil burner of the character described, the combination of abase plate supcarrie thereon, a conical crown above said platedeflectlng a1r from [above the same whereby the film' of oil from thedistributing plate is drawn into the air current, of air dischargingports below said plate fordeecting the vapor'as itpasses the same, of aplate mounted on the base for vaporizing oil into vapor, means forkeeping said plate heated, and means for directing air currents aboveand below said plate.

5. In an oil burner of the type described, a base plate having a centralopening therein and having a hollow pedestal rising thereabove throughwhich air is adapted to pass, the material of theplate adjacent the baseof the pedestal being formed with a groove for receiving a pilot member,an oil distributing plate carried on the pedestal, a crown above andsupported by said plate in spaced relationship thereto for dellectingair from above the same whereby the film of oil from the distributingplate is drawn into the air current, air discharge ports below thedistrib-` uting plate for defleeting vapor as it passes the same, avaporizing plate for oil carried A bythe base above-the pilotv ipe, landmeans -for'direoting aircurrents a ove and below said late.4

6. .an o1l burner of the type described, a

vbase plate having a central opening therein and' hav-inga hollow,vertical pedestal thereabove through which airis adapted to ass frombeneath the base, the base plate agout the base. of the pedestal 'beingdepressed lto receive therein a pilot member, an oil distributing membercarried by the pedestal, a crown above and supported by the oildistributing member in spaced relationship thereto for deflectingair'from abovethe same where-v by the ilm of oil from the distributingmember is drawn into the -air current, air disv charge ports below thedistributing member for dellecting vapor as it passes the same, and avaporizing plate carried bythe base in spaced :relationship -thereto anddirectly above the pilot member and below the disl tributing member, andmeans for directing currents of air both above and belowthe vaporizingplate.`

In testimony whereof I ailix my signature. ALEXANDER E. SCHEIN.

